Medical mysteries
Posted: Tuesday, May 13, 2008 12:35 PM by Barbara Raab
By Robert Bazell, NBC News Chief science correspondent
Tonight we begin a series called 'Medical Mysteries' about autoimmune diseases. We picked the title because these very common conditions remain incurable, difficult to treat, and poorly understood.
An autoimmune disease strikes when the exquisite system that protects our bodies from viruses and bacteria goes haywire. The white blood cells and the proteins called antibodies turn on us. The result can be damage to almost any organ in the body—chronic illness that can be severe and even life-threatening. The National Institutes of Health has a good primer on autoimmune diseases.
In the series we will examine three of the most common autoimmune diseases: lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.
In most cases, autoimmune diseases strike women far more often than men. Why that is so remains one of the biggest mysteries of all. Doctors have long assumed that women’s immune systems have to be different because a women’s body must tolerate a foreign object –- a fetus. But no one has been able to pin down the reason.
As Dr. Stephen Hauser, a neurologist at the University of California, San Francisco told me: "It's an aphorism in medicine that autoimmune disease may be a price that women pay for successful reproduction. This said, we don't understand exactly why female gender is associated with autoimmune diseases and why it is associated so strongly in some and less strongly in others. Some of the explanation must lie in hormonal effects that relate to the female, but we are striving to find the details.”
This evening’s report focuses on Lupus. The Lupus Foundation of America’s website is an excellent source of information.
We tell the story of one woman, Jennifer Pearce. Like so many patients with autoimmune conditions, she suffered through difficulty with the diagnosis. In far too many cases this leads patients to believe (or to be told by a doctor) that it is all in their head. Patients with autoimmune conditions also can manage to look good and feel horrible, making it very difficult to function in the world.
There are few truly effective treatments for Lupus and they often carry severe side effects. A great hope for finding better treatment lies in some recent discoveries about genes associated with the disease. The physician-scientist we interview. Dr. Lindsay Criswell also of UCSF is heavily involved in this effort and you can read about her research here.